44. Course 15 Master Glossary - Bus Stop Safety Toolbox - North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA)
44. Course 15 Master Glossary - Bus Stop Safety Toolbox -
North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority (NJTPA)
Thursday, January 29, 2026
11:47 PM
KEY WORDS + DEFINITIONS + GOOGLE IMAGE SEARCH LINKS**
MODULE 1 — Pedestrian Safety Basics at Bus Stops
1. Pedestrian Exposure
The amount of time pedestrians spend in areas where they may encounter vehicles.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Pedestrian+Exposure&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Conflict Zone
The space where pedestrian and vehicle paths overlap, creating potential crash risk.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Conflict+Zone+Traffic&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Desire Line
The natural path pedestrians choose, even if no formal crossing exists. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Desire+Line&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Operating Speed
The actual speed vehicles travel, often higher than the posted limit. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Operating+Speed+Roadway&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Sight Distance
How far a pedestrian or driver can see ahead to detect hazards. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Sight+Distance+Roadway&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Pedestrian Delay
The time pedestrians must wait before crossing safely. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Delay&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Bus Stop Environment
The physical and operational conditions surrounding a bus stop. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Stop+Environment&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 2 — Pedestrian Behavior at and Near Bus
Stops
1. Gap Acceptance
How pedestrians judge whether a gap in traffic is safe enough to cross.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Gap+Acceptance+Pedestrian&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Risk-Taking Behavior
Actions such as running, distraction, or midblock crossing that increase crash risk.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Pedestrian+Risk+Taking&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Pedestrian Compliance
The extent to which pedestrians follow signals and markings. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Compliance&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Exposure Time
The duration a pedestrian is in a conflict zone with vehicles. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Exposure+Time&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Behavioral Observation
Systematic documentation of how pedestrians move and interact with traffic.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Pedestrian+Behavior+Observation&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
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6. Midblock Crossing
Crossing the street away from an intersection or marked crosswalk. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Midblock+Crossing&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Pedestrian Impatience
A tendency to cross before safe gaps appear due to long delays. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Impatience&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 3 — Roadway Characteristics Affecting
Pedestrian Safety
1. Roadway Geometry
Physical design features such as lane width, curvature, and number of lanes.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Roadway+Geometry&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Lane Width
The horizontal width of a travel lane, influencing vehicle speed. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Lane+Width+Roadway&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Crossing Distance
The total width a pedestrian must cross, affecting exposure and risk. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Crossing+Distance+Pedestrian&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Traffic Volume
The number of vehicles passing a location within a given time period. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Traffic+Volume&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Turning Radius
The curvature of an intersection corner that affects turning speeds. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Turning+Radius+Intersection&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Speed Differential
The variation between posted speed and actual operating speed. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Speed+Differential+Traffic&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Conflict Point
A location where pedestrian and vehicle paths intersect. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Traffic+Conflict+Point&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 4 — Bus Stop Location and Placement
1. Near-Side Stop
A bus stop located immediately before an intersection. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Near+Side+Bus+Stop&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Far-Side Stop
A bus stop located immediately after an intersection. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Far+Side+Bus+Stop&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Midblock Stop
A bus stop located between intersections. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Midblock+Bus+Stop&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Sight Line
The visible distance available to drivers and pedestrians. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Sight+Line+Roadway&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Stop Placement
The strategic positioning of a bus stop relative to roadway features. https://www.google.com/search?
New Section 2 Page 2
q=Bus+Stop+Placement&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Pedestrian Routing
The paths pedestrians take to reach or leave a bus stop. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Routing&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Intersection Influence Area
The zone where turning vehicles and pedestrians interact. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Intersection+Influence+Area&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 5 — Pedestrian Infrastructure Conditions
1. Landing Pad
q=Bus+Stop+Landing+Pad&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Curb Ramp
A sloped transition between sidewalk and roadway for wheelchair access.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Curb+Ramp+ADA&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Detectable Warning Surface
A textured surface that alerts visually impaired pedestrians to roadway edges.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Detectable+Warning+Surface&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. High-Visibility Crosswalk
A marked crossing with bold striping to increase driver awareness. https://www.google.com/search?
q=High+Visibility+Crosswalk&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Obstruction
Any object blocking the pedestrian path, such as poles or vegetation. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Sidewalk+Obstruction&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Sidewalk Continuity
The presence of a connected, unobstructed pedestrian path. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Sidewalk+Continuity&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Pedestrian-Scale Lighting
Lighting designed to illuminate sidewalks and crossings. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Scale+Lighting&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 6 — Transit Operations and Bus Movements
1. Dwell Time
The amount of time a bus remains stopped for boarding and alighting. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Dwell+Time&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Bus Pull-In / Pull-Out
The movement of a bus entering or leaving a stop. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Pull+In+Pull+Out&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Blind Zone
An area around the bus where pedestrians are not visible to the operator.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Bus+Blind+Zone&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Operator Visibility Constraint
Any condition that limits the operator’s ability to see pedestrians. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Operator+Visibility&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Interaction Zone
The area where pedestrians and buses interact during boarding. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Stop+Interaction+Zone&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
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6. Maneuvering Envelope
The space required for a bus to turn or reposition safely. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Bus+Maneuvering+Envelope&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Transit Delay
Extra time added to bus travel due to congestion or stop operations. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Transit+Delay&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 7 — Land Use and Environmental Factors
1. Land Use Mix
The combination of residential, commercial, and institutional uses near a bus stop.
https://www.google.com/search?q=Land+Use+Mix&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Traffic Generator
A land use that attracts high pedestrian activity. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Traffic+Generator+Land+Use&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Setback
The distance between buildings and the roadway. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Building+Setback&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Access Point
Any location where pedestrians enter or exit a site. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Access+Point&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Environmental Barrier
A physical feature that restricts pedestrian movement. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Environmental+Barrier+Pedestrian&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Activity Node
A location with concentrated pedestrian activity. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Activity+Node+Urban&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Pedestrian Demand
The number of pedestrians expected based on surrounding land uses. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Demand&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 8 — Lighting and Visibility
1. Illuminance
The amount of light falling on a surface. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Illuminance+Lighting&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Glare
Excessive brightness that reduces visibility. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Glare+Lighting&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Shadow Zone
An area where lighting is blocked, reducing visibility. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Shadow+Zone+Lighting&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Contrast Visibility
The ability to distinguish a pedestrian from the background. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Contrast+Visibility&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Nighttime Exposure
The increased risk pedestrians face after dark. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Nighttime+Pedestrian+Safety&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Visibility Envelope
New Section 2 Page 4
The area a driver or pedestrian can clearly see. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Visibility+Envelope&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Low-Light Hazard
A safety risk created by insufficient illumination. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Low+Light+Hazard&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 9 — Traffic Control Devices and Signals
1. Signal Phasing
q=Signal+Phasing&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Pedestrian Interval
The portion of the signal cycle allocated for pedestrian crossing. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Signal+Interval&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI)
A timing feature giving pedestrians a head start. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Leading+Pedestrian+Interval&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Yield Compliance
How consistently drivers yield to pedestrians. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Driver+Yield+Compliance&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. High-Visibility Markings
Bold striping that increases pedestrian visibility. https://www.google.com/search?
q=High+Visibility+Crosswalk&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Signal Cycle Length
The total time required to complete all signal phases. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Signal+Cycle+Length&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Pedestrian Push Button
A device allowing pedestrians to request a crossing phase. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Pedestrian+Push+Button&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
MODULE 10 — Crash Data and Safety Analysis
1. Crash Frequency
The number of crashes occurring at a specific location. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Crash+Frequency&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
2. Crash Severity
The level of injury or damage resulting from a crash. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Crash+Severity&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
3. Exposure Metric
A measure of how often pedestrians interact with traffic. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Exposure+Metric+Traffic&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
4. Hotspot Analysis
A method for identifying locations with high crash concentrations. https://www.google.com/search?
q=Hotspot+Analysis+Traffic&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
5. Surrogate Safety Measure
q=Surrogate+Safety+Measure&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
6. Severity Index
A weighted score reflecting the seriousness of crashes. https://www.google.com/search?
New Section 2 Page 5
q=Severity+Index+Crash&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
7. Conflict Observation
q=Conflict+Observation+Traffic&tbm=isch (google.com in Bing)
If you want Batch 2 (Modules 11–15) next, I can generate it immediately in the same clean,
Canvas-ready format.
Batch 2 (Modules 11–15)
Absolutely, J — here is Batch 2 (Modules 11–15) with 7 key words per module, each with:
• A clean, student-ready definition
• A short Google Image search URL placed directly under the definition
• Fully consistent with the format you used in Batch 1
Canvas-ready, no clutter, no extras.
**BATCH 2 — MODULES 11–15
KEY WORDS + DEFINITIONS + GOOGLE IMAGE SEARCH LINKS**
MODULE 11 — Field Audits & On-Site Safety
Assessments
1. Field Audit
A structured, on-site review of pedestrian, roadway, and transit conditions.
2. Observation Zone
The defined area where pedestrian, vehicle, and bus interactions are monitored.
3. Safety Deficiency
Any condition that increases the likelihood of a crash or unsafe behavior.
4. Environmental Scan
A systematic review of physical surroundings to identify hazards. https://www.google.com/search?
5. Conflict Event
6. Pedestrian Flow Pattern
The typical paths pedestrians take when approaching or leaving a stop.
7. Hazard Indicator
A physical or behavioral sign suggesting elevated crash risk. https://www.google.com/search?
MODULE 12 — Pedestrian–Vehicle Conflict Analysis
1. Conflict Event
A near-miss or unsafe interaction between a pedestrian and a vehicle. https://www.google.com/search?
2. Time-to-Collision (TTC)
A measure of how soon a collision would occur if movements continue unchanged.
3. Post-Encroachment Time (PET)
New Section 2 Page 6
The time between one user leaving a conflict zone and another entering it.
4. Conflict Zone
The physical area where pedestrian and vehicle paths overlap. https://www.google.com/search?
5. Trajectory Analysis
Studying the paths of pedestrians and vehicles to identify conflict patterns.
6. Surrogate Safety Indicator
7. Behavioral Trigger
A pedestrian or driver action that initiates a conflict event. https://www.google.com/search?
MODULE 13 — Safety Countermeasures & Treatments
1. Countermeasure
A design, operational, or policy intervention that reduces crash risk. https://www.google.com/search?
2. Quick-Build Treatment
3. Curb Extension
A sidewalk extension that shortens crossing distance and improves visibility.
4. Refuge Island
A protected space allowing pedestrians to cross in two stages. https://www.google.com/search?
5. Raised Crosswalk
A crosswalk elevated to sidewalk level to slow vehicles. https://www.google.com/search?
6. RRFB (Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacon)
A pedestrian-activated flashing beacon that increases driver yielding. https://www.google.com/search?
7. Traffic Calming
Design strategies that slow vehicles and improve safety. https://www.google.com/search?
MODULE 14 — Prioritizing Safety Improvements
1. Prioritization Framework
A structured method for ranking bus stops based on safety needs. https://www.google.com/search?
2. Risk Score
A numerical value representing the level of pedestrian risk at a location.
3. Equity Weighting
Adjusting scores to prioritize improvements in underserved communities.
New Section 2 Page 7
4. Multicriteria Analysis
A decision-making approach that evaluates multiple factors simultaneously.
5. Improvement Tier
A category indicating how urgently a stop needs intervention. https://www.google.com/search?
6. Decision Matrix
A tool used to compare stops across multiple criteria. https://www.google.com/search?
7. High-Priority Stop
A location with elevated crash risk, high exposure, or severe deficiencies.
MODULE 15 — Developing Recommendations &
Reporting Findings
1. Recommendation Framework
A structured method for converting findings into proposed actions. https://www.google.com/search?
2. Problem Statement
A concise description of the safety issue identified. https://www.google.com/search?
3. Proposed Treatment
The specific countermeasure recommended to address the issue. https://www.google.com/search?
4. Supporting Evidence
Data, observations, or conflicts that justify the recommendation. https://www.google.com/search?
5. Priority Level
The urgency assigned to a recommendation (high, medium, low). https://www.google.com/search?
6. Implementation Feasibility
The practicality of completing a recommended improvement. https://www.google.com/search?
7. Action Plan
New Section 2 Page 8
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